Fedora 33 : Test Days - test the kernel.

Test Days are often focused on testing Changes planned for an upcoming Fedora release, but they also regularly test important areas of the Fedora distribution, like upgrades, internationalization, graphical drivers, desktop environments, kernel updates, and others., see the Test Days webpage.

In today's tutorial I will show you how to test the kernel, see the kernel test week webpage.

Fedora contains the following kernel packages:

kernel — Contains the kernel for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems.

kernel-debug — Contains a kernel with numerous debugging options enabled for kernel diagnosis, at the expense of reduced performance.

kernel-devel — Contains the kernel headers and makefiles sufficient to build modules against the kernel package.

kernel-debug-devel — Contains the development version of the kernel with numerous debugging options enabled for kernel diagnosis, at the expense of reduced performance.

kernel-headers — Includes the C header files that specify the interface between the Linux kernel and user-space libraries and programs. The header files define structures and constants that are needed for building most standard programs.

linux-firmware — Contains all of the firmware files that are required by various devices to operate.

perf — This package contains supporting scripts and documentation for the perf tool shipped in each kernel image subpackage.

kernel-abi-whitelists — Contains information pertaining to the Fedora kernel ABI, including a lists of kernel symbols that are needed by external Linux kernel modules and a dnf plug-in to aid enforcement.

kernel-tools — Contains tools for manipulating the Linux kernel and supporting documentation.

You can see all events from Test Days on this webpage.

First, you need to install koji tool:

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install koji.
Last metadata expiration check: 1:42:23 ago on Tue 27 Apr 2021 07:08:25 PM EEST.
Package koji-1.24.0-1.fc33.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

The koji tool is the software that builds RPM packages for the Fedora project.

This command show all available kernel builds:

[root@desk mythcat]# koji list-builds --package=kernel --after="2021-04-09"
Build                                                    Built by          State
-------------------------------------------------------  ----------------  ----------------
kernel-5.11.13-100.fc32                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.13-200.fc33                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.13-300.fc34                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.14-100.fc32                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.14-200.fc33                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.14-300.fc34                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.15-100.fc32                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.15-200.fc33                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.15-300.fc34                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.16-100.fc32                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.16-200.fc33                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.11.16-300.fc34                                  jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.12.0-0.rc7.189.eln110                           jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.12.0-0.rc7.189.fc35                             jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.12.0-0.rc7.20210416git7e25f40eab52.191.fc35     jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.12.0-0.rc8.191.eln110                           jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.12.0-0.rc8.191.fc35                             jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.12.0-0.rc8.20210423git7af08140979a.193.eln110   jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.12.0-0.rc8.20210423git7af08140979a.193.fc35     jforbes           COMPLETE
kernel-5.12.0-198.eln110                                 jforbes           CANCELED
kernel-5.12.0-198.fc35                                   jforbes           COMPLETE

I download the kernel:

[root@desk mythcat]# koji download-build --arch=x86_64 kernel-5.12.0-198.fc35
Downloading: kernel-debug-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 243.62 KiB / 243.62 KiB
Downloading: kernel-modules-internal-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 399.58 KiB / 399.58 KiB
Downloading: kernel-debug-modules-internal-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 422.61 KiB / 422.61 KiB
Downloading: kernel-debug-modules-extra-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 2.28 MiB / 2.28 MiB
Downloading: kernel-modules-extra-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 2.19 MiB / 2.19 MiB
Downloading: kernel-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 243.52 KiB / 243.52 KiB
Downloading: kernel-debug-core-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 35.78 MiB / 35.78 MiB
Downloading: kernel-modules-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 31.24 MiB / 31.24 MiB
Downloading: kernel-core-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 33.92 MiB / 33.92 MiB
Downloading: kernel-debug-modules-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 31.97 MiB / 31.97 MiB
Downloading: kernel-devel-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 14.51 MiB / 14.51 MiB
Downloading: kernel-debug-devel-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64.rpm
[====================================] 100% 14.62 MiB / 14.62 MiB

The last step is update your kernel and see if is working well:

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf update kernel-*.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 2:01:14 ago on Tue 27 Apr 2021 07:08:25 PM EEST.
The same or higher version of kernel is already installed, cannot update it.
The same or higher version of kernel-core is already installed, cannot update it.
Package kernel-debug not installed, cannot update it.
...
Dependencies resolved.
========================================================================================================
 Package                                  Arch        Version                  Repository          Size
========================================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel                                   x86_64      5.12.0-198.fc35          @commandline       244 k
 kernel-core                              x86_64      5.12.0-198.fc35          @commandline        34 M
 kernel-devel                             x86_64      5.12.0-198.fc35          @commandline        15 M
 kernel-modules                           x86_64      5.12.0-198.fc35          @commandline        31 M
 kernel-modules-extra                     x86_64      5.12.0-198.fc35          @commandline       2.2 M
Installing dependencies:
 bison                                    x86_64      3.6.4-3.fc33             fedora             860 k
 flex                                     x86_64      2.6.4-5.fc33             fedora             311 k
Removing:
 kernel                                   x86_64      5.11.14-200.fc33         @updates             0  
 kernel-core                              x86_64      5.11.14-200.fc33         @updates            74 M
 kernel-devel                             x86_64      5.11.14-200.fc33         @updates            56 M
 kernel-modules                           x86_64      5.11.14-200.fc33         @updates            30 M
 kernel-modules-extra                     x86_64      5.11.14-200.fc33         @updates           1.9 M
Removing dependent packages:
 kmod-nvidia-5.11.14-200.fc33.x86_64      x86_64      3:465.24.02-1.fc33       @@commandline       44 M

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================
Install  7 Packages
Remove   6 Packages

Total size: 83 M
Total download size: 1.1 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
...
Installed:
  bison-3.6.4-3.fc33.x86_64                             flex-2.6.4-5.fc33.x86_64                       
  kernel-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64                         kernel-core-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64             
  kernel-devel-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64                   kernel-modules-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64          
  kernel-modules-extra-5.12.0-198.fc35.x86_64          
Removed:
  kernel-5.11.14-200.fc33.x86_64                                                                        
  kernel-core-5.11.14-200.fc33.x86_64                                                                   
  kernel-devel-5.11.14-200.fc33.x86_64                                                                  
  kernel-modules-5.11.14-200.fc33.x86_64                                                                
  kernel-modules-extra-5.11.14-200.fc33.x86_64                                                          
  kmod-nvidia-5.11.14-200.fc33.x86_64-3:465.24.02-1.fc33.x86_64                                         

Complete!

If you want to see kernel packages are installed, execute this command:

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf list installed "kernel-*"
Installed Packages
kernel-core.x86_64                                 5.11.15-200.fc33                        @updates     
kernel-core.x86_64                                 5.11.16-200.fc33                        @updates     
kernel-core.x86_64                                 5.12.0-198.fc35                         @@commandline
kernel-devel.x86_64                                5.11.15-200.fc33                        @updates     
kernel-devel.x86_64                                5.11.16-200.fc33                        @updates     
kernel-devel.x86_64                                5.12.0-198.fc35                         @@commandline
kernel-headers.x86_64                              5.11.16-200.fc33                        @updates     
kernel-modules.x86_64                              5.11.15-200.fc33                        @updates     
kernel-modules.x86_64                              5.11.16-200.fc33                        @updates     
kernel-modules.x86_64                              5.12.0-198.fc35                         @@commandline
kernel-modules-extra.x86_64                        5.11.15-200.fc33                        @updates     
kernel-modules-extra.x86_64                        5.11.16-200.fc33                        @updates     
kernel-modules-extra.x86_64                        5.12.0-198.fc35                         @@commandline
kernel-srpm-macros.noarch                          1.0-3.fc33                              @fedora    

Fedora 33 : Installing Discord software in Fedora Linux.

Today I installed discord software on Fedora 33 Linux distro and it works very well.

As you know this is a software widely used by users.

Discord is a VoIP, instant messaging and digital distribution platform designed for creating communities. Users communicate with voice calls, video calls, text messaging, media and files in private chats or as part of communities called "servers".[note 1] Servers are a collection of persistent chat rooms and voice chat channels. Discord runs on Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, iPadOS, Linux, and in web browsers. As of July 21, 2019, the service has over 250 million users.[9] , see Wikipedia.

Installation is very simple using the DNF utility...

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install discord.x86_64
Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:52 ago on Sat 24 Apr 2021 07:55:22 PM EEST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package       Arch       Version           Repository                     Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 discord       x86_64     0.0.14-1.fc33     rpmfusion-nonfree-updates      54 M
Installing dependencies:
 libcxx        x86_64     11.0.0-1.fc33     updates                       252 k
 libcxxabi     x86_64     11.0.0-1.fc33     updates                        84 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  3 Packages

Total download size: 54 M
Installed size: 173 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): libcxxabi-11.0.0-1.fc33.x86_64.rpm       273 kB/s |  84 kB     00:00    
(2/3): libcxx-11.0.0-1.fc33.x86_64.rpm          404 kB/s | 252 kB     00:00    
(3/3): discord-0.0.14-1.fc33.x86_64.rpm         9.5 MB/s |  54 MB     00:05    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           8.5 MB/s |  54 MB     00:06     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : libcxxabi-11.0.0-1.fc33.x86_64                         1/3 
  Installing       : libcxx-11.0.0-1.fc33.x86_64                            2/3 
  Installing       : discord-0.0.14-1.fc33.x86_64                           3/3 
  Running scriptlet: discord-0.0.14-1.fc33.x86_64                           3/3 
  Verifying        : libcxx-11.0.0-1.fc33.x86_64                            1/3 
  Verifying        : libcxxabi-11.0.0-1.fc33.x86_64                         2/3 
  Verifying        : discord-0.0.14-1.fc33.x86_64                           3/3 

Installed:
  discord-0.0.14-1.fc33.x86_64             libcxx-11.0.0-1.fc33.x86_64          
  libcxxabi-11.0.0-1.fc33.x86_64          

Complete!

Fedora 33 : The YARA tool for Linux security - part 002.

YARA rules are a way of identifying malware or other issues by creating rules that look for certain characteristics.

This tool was originally developed by Victor Alvarez of Virustotal and is mainly used in malware research and detection.

It was developed with the idea to describe patterns that identify particular strains or entire families of malware.

Let's install it on Fedora 33 Linux distro.

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf search malware
Last metadata expiration check: 0:41:28 ago on Tue 20 Apr 2021 09:50:27 PM EEST.
=========================== Summary Matched: malware ===========================
yara.i686 : Pattern matching Swiss knife for malware researchers
yara.x86_64 : Pattern matching Swiss knife for malware researchers
[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install yara.x86_64
...
Installed:
  yara-4.0.2-2.fc33.x86_64                                                      

Complete!

You can see the help of this tool.

[mythcat@desk ~]$ yara -h

You can create your rules or use these default rules from GitHub.

I download it with git tool:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ git clone https://github.com/Yara-Rules/rules

This is a simple example for detect suspicious strings into bin folder with Linux commands:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ sudo yara rules/utils/suspicious_strings.yar /bin/
[sudo] password for mythcat: 
Misc_Suspicious_Strings /bin//bash
Misc_Suspicious_Strings /bin//sh
Misc_Suspicious_Strings /bin//brotli
Antivirus /bin//mkbundle
Misc_Suspicious_Strings /bin//openssl
Misc_Suspicious_Strings /bin//unzip
Misc_Suspicious_Strings /bin//zipinfo
Misc_Suspicious_Strings /bin//ps
VMWare_Detection /bin//lscpu
Qemu_Detection /bin//lscpu
VMWare_Detection /bin//lsblk
VMWare_Detection /bin//broadwayd
Qemu_Detection /bin//grub2-editenv
Misc_Suspicious_Strings /bin//abrt-retrace-client
Qemu_Detection /bin//grub2-mkstandalone
Qemu_Detection /bin//grub2-mkimage
Qemu_Detection /bin//grub2-mknetdir
...

YARA detection can be easily bypassed since YARA only does pattern/string/signature matching where a more effective method of detecting malware is available and this is a limitation of YARA.

You can see my previous old tutorial about YARA and Fedora 25.

Fedora 33 : First steps with manim.

Manim is an engine for precise programmatic animations, designed for creating explanatory math videos like 3Blue1Brown. 

The documentation can be found on this webpage. 

First, install with the DNF tool all packages:

[root@desk manim_Projects]# dnf install cairo-devel pango-devel ffmpeg python3-devel 
texlive-scheme-medium texlive-standalone.noarch texlive-collection-latexextra.noarch

Last metadata expiration check: 2:19:22 ago on Tue 13 Apr 2021 08:20:03 PM EEST.
Package cairo-devel-1.16.0-9.fc33.x86_64 is already installed.
Package pango-devel-1.48.4-1.fc33.x86_64 is already installed.
Package ffmpeg-4.3.2-2.fc33.x86_64 is already installed.
Package python3-devel-3.9.2-1.fc33.x86_64 is already installed.
Package texlive-scheme-medium-9:svn54074-35.fc33.noarch is already installed.
Package texlive-standalone-9:svn47136-35.fc33.noarch is already installed.
Package texlive-collection-latexextra-9:svn54851-35.fc33.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

Use pip tool to install manim and manimlib.

[mythcat@desk manim_Projects]$ pip install manim
...
[mythcat@desk manim_Projects]$ pip install manimlib
...

You can use --user option argument. A default example from the doc area can be a good test.

from manim import * 

config.background_color = DARK_GRAY
class MovingFrame(Scene):
     def construct(self):
        # Write equations
        equation = MathTex("2x^2-5x+2", "=", "(x-2)(2x-1)")

        # Create animation
        self.play(Write(equation))

        # Add moving frames
        framebox1 = SurroundingRectangle(equation[0], buff=.1)
        framebox2 = SurroundingRectangle(equation[2], buff=.1)

        # Create animations
        self.play(Create(framebox1))  # creating the frame

        self.wait()
        # replace frame 1 with frame 2
        self.play(ReplacementTransform(framebox1, framebox2))
    
        self.wait()

I run it well:

[mythcat@desk manim_Projects]$ /home/mythcat/.local/bin/manim -pl -ql -i follow_me_textxt.py 

This is the result:

Fedora 34 : Testing the new Fedora 34 beta.

Approaching the release date for Fedora Linux 34, the development team has included a number of testing steps.

For each test stage, some events were set up in which users participate and test the new Fedora distribution. Here are these see events.

Here is a screenshot with the virtualization test step for the ISO file called Fedora 34: x86_64 DVD ISO Beta! from the official page:

Fedora 33 : Use hw-probe to collect hardware details .

This is a project to anonymously collect hardware details of Linux-powered computers over the world and help people collaboratively debug hardware-related issues, check for Linux compatibility and find drivers. 

Probe your computer in order to participate in the project and discover your hardware in detail. Share your probes with Linux developers to debug and fix problems with your computer. 

First, install the hw-probe package with the DNF Linux tool:

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf search hw-probe
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:35 ago on Sun 11 Apr 2021 03:10:31 PM EEST.
======================== Name Exactly Matched: hw-probe ========================
hw-probe.noarch : Check operability of computer hardware and find drivers
[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install hw-probe.noarch
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:52 ago on Sun 11 Apr 2021 03:10:31 PM EEST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Architecture  Version                 Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 hw-probe            noarch        1.5-4.fc33              fedora          93 k
Installing dependencies:
 hdparm              x86_64        9.58-4.fc33             fedora          95 k
 hwinfo              x86_64        21.68-2.fc33            fedora          88 k
 hwinfo-libs         x86_64        21.68-2.fc33            fedora         872 k
 libx86emu           x86_64        3.1-2.fc33              fedora          69 k
 sysstat             x86_64        12.3.1-3.fc33           fedora         433 k
Installing weak dependencies:
 acpica-tools        x86_64        20200925-1.fc33         updates        960 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  7 Packages

Total download size: 2.5 M
Installed size: 8.6 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
...

This tool can be used easy:

[root@desk mythcat]# sudo -E hw-probe -all -upload
WARNING: 'edid-decode' package is not installed
Probe for hardware ... Ok
Reading logs ... Ok
Uploaded to DB, Thank you!

Probe URL: https://linux-hardware.org/?probe=7b4c090391

You can see my hardware on the link result.

Fedora 33 : Using the mutt software with Yahoo.

Mutt is a small but very powerful text-based mail client for Unix operating systems. In this tutorial, I configure mutt with yahoo to read mail account and send mails.

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install mutt
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:13 ago on Sat 10 Apr 2021 09:23:41 PM EEST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package         Arch      Version                             Repository  Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 mutt            x86_64    5:2.0.5-1.fc33                      updates    1.9 M
Installing dependencies:
 tokyocabinet    x86_64    1.4.48-16.fc33                      fedora     506 k
 urlview         x86_64    0.9-28.20131022git08767a.fc33       fedora      31 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  3 Packages

Total download size: 2.4 M
Installed size: 8.6 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
...
Installed:
  mutt-5:2.0.5-1.fc33.x86_64                                                    
  tokyocabinet-1.4.48-16.fc33.x86_64                                            
  urlview-0.9-28.20131022git08767a.fc33.x86_64                                  

Complete!

The mutt should be compiled with support for tls, you can see all of these with this command:

[root@desk ~]# mutt -v | grep tls
Configure options: '--build=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' '--host=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' 
...ode>

Let's create all settings for the mutt software with vi editor:

[root@desk mythcat]# vi ~/.muttrc
set imap_user = "catafest@yahoo.com"
set imap_pass = "your-generate-app-password"
set smtp_url = "smtp://catafest@yahoo.com@smtp.mail.yahoo.com:587"
set smtp_pass = "your-generate-app-password"
set from = "catafest@yahoo.com"
set realname = "Catalin George Festila"
set folder = "imaps://catafest@yahoo.com@imap.mail.yahoo.com:993"
set spoolfile = "+INBOX"
set postponed="+[Yahoo]/Drafts"
set header_cache = "~/.mutt/cache/headers"
set message_cachedir = "~/.mutt/cache/bodies"
set certificate_file = "~/.mutt/certificates"
set move = no
set sort = 'threads'
set sort_aux = 'last-date-received'
set imap_check_subscribed
set ssl_force_tls = yes
set abort_nosubject = no
set mail_check = 60
set timeout = 10
set sort = "reverse-date-received"
set signature = "~/.mutt/signature"
set copy = no
set imap_keepalive = 900

Then use this command to run it:

[root@desk ~]# mutt

See the result:

Fedora 33 : The balenaEtcher tool.

You can flash OS images to SD cards & USB drives, safely and easily with this balenaEtcher.

You can flash from a file, URL, or clone a drive.

I download the AppImage and I run it easily on Fedora with an ISO Linux image antiX for an old laptop.

[mythcat@desk ~]$ ./balenaEtcher-1.5.116-x64.AppImage 
ready-to-show: 1816.354ms
Checking for update
Update for version 1.5.116 is not available (latest version: 1.5.116, downgrade is disallowed).
...

Fedora 33 : Unity FPS Microgame.

Today I tested the FPS Microgame from learning area of Unity 3D with Fedora linux distro.

The project works great even my hardware is old.

This is an screenshot of the running process of the project.

Fedora 33 : Electron based terminal named Hyper.

Hyper is an Electron-based terminal built on HTML/CSS/JS.

About Electron is an open-source software framework developed and maintained by GitHub.

The original Hyper renderer was based on the DOM, and now Hyper 3 use Electron from V1 to V3 and is tested with V4.

You can install multiple plugins and themes to make your work easier.

The install process is easy, just download the RPM package and use the DNF tool to install it:

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install Downloads/hyper-3.0.2.x86_64.rpm 
Last metadata expiration check: 0:14:49 ago on Sun 07 Mar 2021 11:22:49 AM EET.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package        Architecture    Version             Repository             Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 hyper          x86_64          3.0.2-3440          @commandline           37 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 37 M
Installed size: 141 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : hyper-3.0.2-3440.x86_64                                1/1 
  Running scriptlet: hyper-3.0.2-3440.x86_64                                1/1 
  Verifying        : hyper-3.0.2-3440.x86_64                                1/1 

Installed:
  hyper-3.0.2-3440.x86_64                                                       

Complete!

The Hyper terminal is installed on the LXDE main menu on the Other submenu.

You can find more information on the official webpage.

The next image is a screenshot from my Fedora 33 distro with Hyper terminal.

Fedora 33 : Unity Platformer Microgame 2D.

This Microgame Template is a classic 2D platform game that you can mod and make your own. Check out the Creative Mods to tweak the project and add your own levels, while learning the basics of Unity. Viewing from the Learn tab in the Unity Hub? Click Download Project > Open Project to automatically open it in Unity. Viewing from the Unity Learn website? Simply go to the Learn tab in the Unity Hub and search for this Microgame, or manually import it via the Asset Store link below.

I download the Unity Editor and Unity Hub AppImage.

I run the UnityHub.AppImage and I set the path of Unity Editor into settings area.

I login with my Unity account and on learning area in UnityHub application I download the Platformer Microgame.

I select to follow the tutorial on Unity I.D.E. environment.

You can see in the next screenshot how this works:

Fedora 33 : Local 5.9.9 by flywheel for WordPress sites.

Build WordPress sites faster than ever before Local is built for speed and simplicity. We’ve spent years designing Local to make building, testing and deploying WordPress sites a breeze.

Basically this is a standalone local development application.

You can add locally all you need for your WordPress website:

• SSH & WP-CLI;
• simple root SSH access to individual sites;
• mailcatcher;
• view, test, and debug mail sending;
• log files;
• PHP, NGINX, and MySQL logs available;

I download the rpm package from the official website and I install it with the DNF tool.

[root@desk Downloads]# dnf install local-5.9.9-linux.rpm 
...
Installed:
  local-5.9.9-20210215.1.x86_64  ncurses-compat-libs-6.2-3.20200222.fc33.x86_64
  nss-tools-3.60.1-1.fc33.x86_64

Complete! 

Now you can start from the LXDE main menu environment.

You can use addons available for Local, see this webpage.

You can see in the next video tutorial from the official youtube how this works.

Fedora 33 : Bash script for GitHub to fix bad commit branch.

One mistake is to have changed in the [master] branch instead of [mymain]. This can be fixed with this bash script:

# check the branch that you committed to by accident, in this case, is master
git checkout master

# reset the branch back one commit
git reset --soft HEAD^

# use stash to record the current state of the working directory
git stash

# checkout the branch it should be in, in this case, is mymain
git checkout mymain

# apply the stash
git stash apply

# commit the changes 
git commit -am "main commit"

# then push the changes to our main branch
git push origin mymain

# checkout the original branch, in this case, is master
git checkout master

# the last step is to force push the commit deletion to the original branch.
git push --force origin master

Hope this help's !!