Fedora 31 : Can be better? part 003.

Yes! The Fedora distro Linux can be better.
One bad problem for most Fedora users is video drivers.
I have an old NVIDIA graphic card: NVIDIA Corporation GT218 [GeForce 210] (rev a2).
This worked well with the nouveau device driver.
It will be great if the detection and install of the video graphic card will start from the installation process.
Another option is to have a dedicated opensource software for detection and installation of the video card.

Fedora 31 : Uploading a repo with Fedora.

This is a simple way to upload to the GitHub website your source code.
First, you need to create your repo on your GitHub account using New button from Your repositories on account area.
Fill with the name of your GitHub project and see the link to your project.
In my case, I used the named project django_chart and the link is https://github.com/catafest/django_chart.git.
In your local folder project from Fedora distro use this commands:

(env) [mythcat@desk django]$ git init
(env) [mythcat@desk django]$ git add .
(env) [mythcat@desk django]$ git commit -m "First Commit"
(env) [mythcat@desk django]$ git remote add origin https://github.com/catafest/django_chart.git
(env) [mythcat@desk django]$ git push -f origin master 
Username for 'https://github.com': catafest
Password for 'https://catafest@github.com': 
Enumerating objects: 8730, done.
Counting objects: 100% (8730/8730), done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (5056/5056), done.
Writing objects: 100% (8730/8730), 14.12 MiB | 744.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 8730 (delta 2597), reused 8730 (delta 2597)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (2597/2597), done.
To https://github.com/catafest/django_chart.git
 + b2c0e70...0746fa8 master -> master (forced update)

This last output tells me the files are on GitHub repo project.

Fedora 31 : Lutris the Open Source gaming platform for Linux.

Lutris is an Open Source gaming platform for Linux. It installs and launches games so you can start playing without the hassle of setting up your games. Get your games from GOG, Steam, Battle.net, Origin, Uplay and many other sources running on any Linux powered gaming machine.
You need to create an account and you can run many games on Linux and multiple platforms, see the official website with games.
The installation process is simple to do on Fedora 31 with DNF tool:

[root@desk mythcat]# sudo dnf install lutris
Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:35 ago on Wed 04 Dec 2019 07:15:23 PM EET.
Dependencies resolved.
======================================================================================
 Package                    Arch       Version                      Repository   Size
======================================================================================
Installing:
 lutris                     x86_64     0.5.3-1.fc31                 fedora      2.0 M
...
Total download size: 129 M
Installed size: 708 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
...
  llvm-libs-9.0.0-1.fc31.i686           ncurses-libs-6.1-12.20190803.fc31.i686       
  python3-evdev-1.1.2-4.fc31.x86_64     unixODBC-2.3.7-5.fc31.x86_64                 
  vulkan-loader-1.1.114.0-1.fc31.i686  

Complete!

Fedora 31 : Can be better? part 002.

If you want to have a USB device with the Fedora distro then the Fedora team comes with this solution, see the webpage.
Now let's make all easier for this issue. Detect your USB device...

[mythcat@desk ~]$ lsblk 
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
...
sdb               8:16   1   984M  0 disk 
└─sdb1            8:17   1   983M  0 part 

Be sure the USB drive has bootable flag enable:

[mythcat@desk Downloads]$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): a
Selected partition 1
The bootable flag on partition 1 is disabled now.

Command (m for help): a   
Selected partition 1
The bootable flag on partition 1 is enabled now.

Command (m for help): q

Umount your USB drive, do not remove it.

[mythcat@desk ~]$ sudo umount /dev/sdb

Copy the Fedora file image iso to the USB device with the dd command:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ sudo dd if=Fedora-Server-netinst-x86_64-31-1.9.iso of=/dev/sdb 
1331200+0 records in
1331200+0 records out
681574400 bytes (682 MB, 650 MiB) copied, 383.766 s, 1.8 MB/s

You can test it with the qemu tool:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -hda /dev/sdb

Fedora 31 : Can be better? part 001.

I started using Fedora distribution several years ago after I tried several distros (Suse, RedHat 6, Debian, Gentoo and many more).
I was pleased with the test and speed.
I must admit that from the first used version 9 (Sulfur) and until now it is very changed and unknown for many users
That's why I decided to present in this series of mini-tutorials called Can be better? various lesser-known aspects that underlie it and its more precise use.
I will not abide by a predetermined order in the use of Fedora distribution.
I will only point to useful information for any Fedora user.

---

Let's start the first part of this tutorial named Can be better? part 001. with a brief introduction to the Wikipedia page and the official one.
An interesting aspect of Fedora configuration is the file sysctl.conf.
You can read the manual page with this command:

man 8 sysctl

Part of this file should contain these lines:

vm.overcommit_memory=2
vm.overcommit_ratio=100
kernel.exec-shield=1

This parameter named vm.overcommit_memory can be set this way:

0: heuristic overcommit (this is the default)
1: always overcommit, never check
2: always check, never overcommit

For this parameter named vm.overcommit_ratio any value to anything less than 100 is almost always incorrect.
The last parameter named kernel.exec-shield fix NX protection also called Data Execution Prevention (DEP), to prevent buffer stacks from taking down your machine.
You can check this with:

[root@desk mythcat]# grep nx /proc/cpuinfo 

Fedora 31 : Use bash script to see all the permissions.

This tutorial will show you how to generate all the permissions using one file named file_test.

[mythcat@desk ~]$ mkdir my_bash_scripts
[mythcat@desk ~]$ cd my_bash_scripts/
[mythcat@desk my_bash_scripts]$ vim all_permissions.sh
[mythcat@desk my_bash_scripts]$ vim all_permissions.sh
[mythcat@desk my_bash_scripts]$ chmod +x all_permissions.sh
[mythcat@desk my_bash_scripts]$ ls
all_permissions.sh

Let's see the bash script file named all_permissions.sh:

#!/bin/sh
#loops through a chmod sequence

count_perm(){
        foo=1
        touch file_test
        while [ "$foo" -ne 7778 ];do
                echo $foo >> out
                chmod $foo file_test
                ls -gG >> out
                foo=$(($foo+1))
        done
}
count_perm
egrep -v '(all_permissions.sh)|(total)|(out)' out > results
echo "use command cat results to see permissions for file_test."

exit 0

You can run the script:

[mythcat@desk my_bash_scripts]$ ./all_permissions.sh 
...
Try 'chmod --help' for more information.
chmod: invalid mode: ‘7768’
Try 'chmod --help' for more information.
chmod: invalid mode: ‘7769’
Try 'chmod --help' for more information.
use command cat results to see permissions for file_test.
[mythcat@desk my_bash_scripts]$ ls
all_permissions.sh  file_test  out  results

The out file show all permissions for files:

[mythcat@desk my_bash_scripts]$ cat out
...
7774
total 2052
-rwxrwxr-x. 1     331 Nov 10 18:22 all_permissions.sh
-rwsrwsr-T. 1       0 Nov 10 18:23 file_test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 1153701 Nov 10 18:23 r
7775
total 2052
-rwxrwxr-x. 1     331 Nov 10 18:22 all_permissions.sh
-rwsrwsr-t. 1       0 Nov 10 18:23 file_test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 1153853 Nov 10 18:23 r
7776
total 2052
-rwxrwxr-x. 1     331 Nov 10 18:22 all_permissions.sh
-rwsrwsrwT. 1       0 Nov 10 18:23 file_test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 1154005 Nov 10 18:23 r
7777
total 2052
-rwxrwxr-x. 1     331 Nov 10 18:22 all_permissions.sh
-rwsrwsrwt. 1       0 Nov 10 18:23 file_test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 1154157 Nov 10 18:23 r

The results file show the permissions:

[mythcat@desk my_bash_scripts]$ cat results 
...
7766
-rwsrwSrwT. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7767
-rwsrwSrwt. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7768
-rwsrwSrwt. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7769
-rwsrwSrwt. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7770
-rwsrws--T. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7771
-rwsrws--t. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7772
-rwsrws-wT. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7773
-rwsrws-wt. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7774
-rwsrwsr-T. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7775
-rwsrwsr-t. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7776
-rwsrwsrwT. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test
7777
-rwsrwsrwt. 1       0 Nov 10 18:30 file_test

Fedora 31 : another FASM tutorial with Linux.

Today I wrote another tutorial about FASM and assembly language on my website.
Because I used the Fedora distro I add my tutorial here.
If you want to learn assembly programming for Windows O.S. or Linux with the Intel C.P.U. then you need the FASM tool and this manual.
Today I will show you how to create a file using my Fedora 31 Linux distro and FASM tool.
The name of this file will be new_file.txt.
The assembly program will use INT 0x08 to create the file.

entry _start

filename db "new_file.txt", 0

_start:
    ; create a new file
    mov rax, 8
    mov rbx, filename
    mov rcx, 0011
    int 0x80

    ; use descriptor
    push rax

    ; close the new file
    mov rax, 6
    pop rbx
    int 0x80

    call exit

exit:
    mov rax, 1
    mov rbx, 0
    int 0x80>

The program also set the file permissions in the rcx register.
Let's see some octal permissions:

    mov rcx, 000

----------. 1 mythcat mythcat       0 Nov 10 17:40 new_file.txt
    mov rcx, 0001

---------x. 1 mythcat mythcat       0 Nov 10 17:41 new_file.txt
    mov rcx, 0011

------x--x. 1 mythcat mythcat       0 Nov 10 17:43 new_file.txt

Fedora 31 : The new Fedora 31 Linux distro.

I tested today the new Fedora 31.
This new Fedora comes with many features.
One is the Toolbox tool that offers a familiar RPM-based environment for developing and debugging software that runs fully unprivileged using Podman.
Fedora 31 significantly improves the speed of update installation, as packages are now compressed with zstd instead of xz.
This commands let you to upgrading Fedora 30 to Fedora 31.

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf upgrade --refresh
...
[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade
...
[root@desk mythcat]# dnf remove xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-340xx-libs-1:340.107-4.fc30.x86_64
...
[root@desk mythcat]# dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=31
...
[root@desk mythcat]# dnf system-upgrade reboot

You can see I remove the xorg driver because system-upgrade don't let me to update.

Fedora 30 : How to remove packages without dependency.

In this tutorial, I will show you how to remove packages without dependency.
I have this software named freecad.x86_64 and I want to remove it.
If I use the dnf tool then I got this output:

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf remove freecad.x86_64 
Dependencies resolved.
==============================================================================
 Package                       Arch   Version                  Repo      Size
==============================================================================
Removing:
 freecad                       x86_64 1:0.18.3-5.fc30.1        @updates 141 M
Removing unused dependencies:
 Coin3                         x86_64 3.1.3-24.fc30            @fedora   11 M
 OCE-foundation                x86_64 0.18.3-4.fc30            @fedora   11 M
 OCE-modeling                  x86_64 0.18.3-4.fc30            @fedora   58 M
 OCE-ocaf                      x86_64 0.18.3-4.fc30            @fedora   11 M
 OCE-visualization             x86_64 0.18.3-4.fc30            @fedora  6.7 M
 SoQt                          x86_64 1.5.0-26.fc30            @fedora  1.0 M
 assimp                        x86_64 3.3.1-19.fc30            @fedora  9.7 M
 boost-python3                 x86_64 1.69.0-8.fc30            @updates 473 k
 dotconf                       x86_64 1.3-20.fc30              @fedora   61 k
 espeak-ng                     x86_64 1.49.2-6.fc30            @fedora  6.6 M
...

The package is from Nightly FreeCAD, you can enable it if you want to install later:

[root@desk mythcat]# sudo dnf copr enable @freecad/nightly

To solve this issue you need to change this file:

[root@desk mythcat]# vim /etc/dnf/dnf.conf

From clean_requirements_on_remove=True to clean_requirements_on_remove=False.
The next commands will fix and remove the package:

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf clean all
86 files removed
[root@desk mythcat]# dnf remove freecad.x86_64 
Dependencies resolved.
==============================================================================
 Package            Architecture Version                 Repository      Size
==============================================================================
Removing:
 freecad            x86_64       1:0.18.3-5.fc30.1       @updates       141 M
Removing dependent packages:
 freecad-data       noarch       1:0.18.3-5.fc30.1       @updates       194 M

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================
Remove  2 Packages

Freed space: 335 M
Is this ok [y/N]: 
...

Fedora 30 : Introduction to Qt Designer.

Qt Designer is the Qt tool for designing and building graphical user interfaces (GUIs) with Qt Widgets... see the Qt Designer manual webpage.

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install qt5-designer.x86_64
...
Installed:
  qt5-designer-5.12.5-1.fc30.x86_64                                             
  qt5-qttools-libs-designercomponents-5.12.5-1.fc30.x86_64                      

Complete!

Let's start this tool with this command:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ designer-qt5 

Follow this video tutorial from my youtube channel:

You can preview your work with Ctrl+R keys.
After you finish with the project then save the file with this name: mytest.ui.
The next command to create your working python file named mytest.py.
Use this command with the -x option creates the main section to the my.py file that will allow us to test quickly whether the GUI looks as we intended.

[mythcat@desk ~]$ pyuic5 -x  mytest.ui -o mytest.py

Now you can run it to see the output:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ python3  mytest.py

Fedora 30 : About Simple Screen Recorder tool.

The Simple Screen Recorder tool can be easily installed on Fedora 30 and provide a GUI interface for recording screen with audio input. Use the dnf tool to install it:

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install simplescreenrecorder.x86_64
...
Installed:
  simplescreenrecorder-0.3.11-7.fc30.x86_64                                   

Complete!

I used the LXDE Desktop Environment, see the command to identify the running desktop environment:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ echo $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP
LXDE

The tool can be found on Fedora main menu: Sound & Video, see the screenshot:

The tool start with this windows screen, you need to press the Continue button:

The next steps comes with configuration area for your video recorder.
I set and save my new Input profile to record an screen area.
You can use a rectangle, change the size from left to right or select the window to define the area for record video.
I change the Audio input to use my microphone.

The next step let you to set the file , video and audio settings for output. I let all with default settings.
The last step let you to see informations , preview and set the hotkeys.
I can use keyboard to start and stop recorder.

Fedora 30 : GIMP 2.10.14 with flatpak.

Flatpak is a software utility for software deployment and package management for Linux. It is advertised as offering a sandbox environment in which users can run application software in isolation from the rest of the system. see Wikipedia .
Flatpak builds available in i386, x86-64, ARM and AArch64.

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install flatpak.x86_64 
Last metadata expiration check: 0:27:27 ago on Fri 01 Nov 2019 11:27:47 PM EET.
Dependencies resolved.
...
Installed:
  flatpak-1.4.3-1.fc30.x86_64                                                   
  p11-kit-server-0.23.16.1-1.fc30.x86_64                                        
  xdg-desktop-portal-1.4.2-1.fc30.x86_64                                        
  xdg-desktop-portal-gtk-1.4.0-1.fc30.x86_64                                    
  flatpak-selinux-1.4.3-1.fc30.x86_64                                           
  flatpak-session-helper-1.4.3-1.fc30.x86_64                                    
  ostree-libs-2019.4-3.fc30.x86_64                                              

Complete!

The install and run of last GIMP software is easy, see commands:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ flatpak install https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gimp.GIMP.flatpakref

Note that the directories 

'/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share'
'/home/mythcat/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share'

are not in the search path set by the XDG_DATA_DIRS environment variable, so applications installed by 
Flatpak may not appear on your desktop until the session is restarted.

Required runtime for org.gimp.GIMP/x86_64/stable (runtime/org.gnome.Platform/x86_64/3.32) found in remote
 flathub
Do you want to install it? [Y/n]: Y       

org.gimp.GIMP permissions:
    ipc                   network        x11       file access [1]
    dbus access [2]       tags [3]

    [1] /tmp, host, xdg-config/GIMP, xdg-config/gtk-3.0
    [2] org.freedesktop.FileManager1, org.gtk.vfs, org.gtk.vfs.*
    [3] stable
        ID                                    Arch   Branch Remote  Download
        ID                                    Arch   Branch Remote  Download
 1. [✓] org.gnome.Platform                    x86_64 3.32   flathub 360.0 MB / 374.0 MB
 2. [✓] org.gnome.Platform.Locale             x86_64 3.32   flathub  17.4 kB / 320.0 MB
 3. [✓] org.freedesktop.Platform.VAAPI.Intel  x86_64 18.08  flathub   1.8 MB / 1.8 MB
 4. [✓] org.freedesktop.Platform.html5-codecs x86_64 18.08  flathub   3.2 MB / 3.3 MB
 5. [✓] org.gimp.GIMP                         x86_64 stable flathub 106.5 MB / 108.9 MB

Installation complete.
[mythcat@desk ~]$ flatpak update

Note that the directories 

'/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share'
'/home/mythcat/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share'

are not in the search path set by the XDG_DATA_DIRS environment variable, so
applications installed by Flatpak may not appear on your desktop until the session is restarted.

Looking for updates…
Nothing to do.
[mythcat@desk ~]$ flatpak run org.gimp.GIMP//stable

Note that the directories 

'/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share'
'/home/mythcat/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share'

are not in the search path set by the XDG_DATA_DIRS environment variable, so
applications installed by Flatpak may not appear on your desktop until the session is restarted.

GIMP-Error: Skipping '/home/mythcat/.var/app/org.gimp.GIMP/config/GIMP/2.10/pluginrc
wrong GIMP protocol version.
...

Fedora 30 : 8 Gb RAM to my old hardware.

I add another DDR3 memory RAM to my hardware for Fedora distro Linux version 30.
I will try to find a CPU gen2 for 1155 socket because is an old CPU.
This is a part of fpaste command output:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ sudo fpaste --sysinfo --printonly 
=== fpaste 0.4.0.1 System Information (fpaste --sysinfo) ===
* OS Release (cat /etc/*-release | uniq):
     Fedora release 30 (Thirty)
     NAME=Fedora
     VERSION="30 (Server Edition)"
     ID=fedora
     VERSION_ID=30
     VERSION_CODENAME=""
... 
* Kernel (uname -r ; cat /proc/cmdline):
     5.3.7-200.fc30.x86_64
* Desktop(s) Installed (ls -m /usr/share/xsessions/ | sed 's/\.desktop//g' ):
     LXDE, openbox
     
* SELinux Status (sestatus):
     SELinux status:                 enabled
     SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
     SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
     Loaded policy name:             targeted
     Current mode:                   enforcing
     Mode from config file:          enforcing
     Policy MLS status:              enabled
     Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
     Memory protection checking:     actual (secure)
     Max kernel policy version:      31
     
* SELinux Errors (without results: "selinuxenabled && journalctl --since yesterday |grep avc: | grep 
-Eo comm="[^ ]+" | sort |uniq -c |sort -rn"):
     N/A

* CPU Model (grep 'model name' /proc/cpuinfo | awk -F: '{print $2}' | uniq -c |
         sed -re 's/^ +//' ):
     2  Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU G1620 @ 2.70GHz
     
* 64-bit Support (grep -q ' lm ' /proc/cpuinfo && echo Yes || echo No):
     Yes
     
* Hardware Virtualization Support (grep -Eq '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo && echo Yes || echo No):
     Yes
     
* Load average (uptime):
      21:42:37 up  2:46,  1 user,  load average: 0.42, 0.60, 0.90
     
* Memory usage (free -m):
                   total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
     Mem:           9694        2641        5422         189        1631        6605
     Swap:          3563           0        3563
     
* Top 5 CPU hogs (ps axuScnh | awk '$2!=3629' | sort -rnk3 | head -5):
         1000  2306 20.8  4.4 3620080 444832 ?      Sl   21:05   7:39 firefox
         1000  3497 17.2  0.0  16304  5284 pts/0    Ss   21:41   0:11 bash
         1000  2590 10.2  3.9 2825496 392932 ?      Sl   21:07   3:34 Web Content
         1000  2362  9.5  4.8 3206080 480436 ?      Sl   21:05   3:30 Web Content
         1000  2801  5.4  4.4 2989744 437088 ?      Sl   21:12   1:38 Web Content
     
* Top 5 Memory hogs (ps axuScnh | sort -rnk4 | head -5):
         1000  2362  9.5  4.8 3206080 480436 ?      Sl   21:05   3:30 Web Content
         1000  2468  3.1  4.6 2986868 466524 ?      Sl   21:05   1:09 Web Content
         1000  2801  5.4  4.4 2989744 437088 ?      Sl   21:12   1:38 Web Content
         1000  2306 20.8  4.4 3620080 444832 ?      Sl   21:05   7:39 firefox
         1000  2590 10.2  3.9 2825496 392932 ?      Sl   21:07   3:34 Web Content
...
* GL Support (glxinfo | grep -E "OpenGL version|OpenGL renderer"):
     OpenGL renderer string: NVA8
     OpenGL version string: 3.3 (Compatibility Profile) Mesa 19.1.7
     
* Xorg errors (without results: "grep '^\[.*(EE)' /var/log/Xorg.0.log ~/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log
 | cut -d ':' -f 2- "):
     N/A
   
* DNF Repositories (dnf repolist):
     repo id                     repo name                                     status
     *fedora                     Fedora 30 - x86_64                            56,582
     *fedora-modular             Fedora Modular 30 - x86_64                       135
     *rpmfusion-free             RPM Fusion for Fedora 30 - Free                  616
     *rpmfusion-free-updates     RPM Fusion for Fedora 30 - Free - Updates        290
     *rpmfusion-nonfree          RPM Fusion for Fedora 30 - Nonfree               227
     *rpmfusion-nonfree-updates  RPM Fusion for Fedora 30 - Nonfree - Updates      68
     *updates                    Fedora 30 - x86_64 - Updates                  13,734
     *updates-modular            Fedora Modular 30 - x86_64 - Updates             144
     
...
* EFI boot manager output (without results: "efibootmgr -v"):
     N/A

My test performance with octane.